Tonsil and Adenoid Problems
Last Update : 24-11-2023
Tonsil and Adenoid Problems
What are Tonsils and Adenoids, and What Do They Do?
Tonsils and adenoids are part of the lymphoid tissue in the body and assist the body's immune system. The adenoids are lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx (back of the nose). Tonsils, on the other hand, are two lymphoid tissues located on either side of the throat. However, the role of tonsils and adenoids in the immune system is not very significant, as their removal does not lead to any negative immunological consequences.
What Problems Can Tonsils and Adenoids Cause?
Tonsils and adenoids can cause problems both due to infections and their size. Frequent infections can affect a person's daily life and lead to the frequent use of medication. The most significant issue in recurring infections is the risk they pose to heart valves, joints, and kidneys.
Apart from infections, the size of tonsils and adenoids can also lead to significant issues. In cases of overly large tonsils, problems with swallowing, eating, and speaking can arise. When adenoids are too large, the main issue is nasal congestion, leading to mouth breathing and snoring. Especially in children with enlarged adenoids and tonsils, sleep problems can affect their growth and development. The nose regulates the temperature and humidity of the inhaled air and captures certain harmful particles. Therefore, mouth breathing can lead to some respiratory issues.
In cases where adenoids are enlarged, there can also be problems like middle ear ventilation issues leading to eardrum collapse, hearing loss, communication problems, jaw and facial bone development issues, pharyngitis due to postnasal drip, cough, lower respiratory problems, headaches, and sinusitis.
When Is Surgery Necessary?
Surgery to remove tonsils and adenoids may be necessary in the following situations:
- Frequent infections: Having three or more infections in consecutive years.
- Tonsils are so large that they make swallowing difficult.
- Unilateral (one-sided) enlargement of tonsil tissue (as it could be a sign of lymphoma or other serious illnesses).
- Frequent accumulation on tonsils that may cause bad breath.
- Adenoid tissue is large enough to obstruct breathing.
- Causing middle ear infections and hearing loss.
- Frequent sinusitis and lower respiratory problems.
At What Age Should Surgery Be Performed?
There is no specific age for surgery; it depends on the harm caused to the patient. Waiting for a child to grow can sometimes be harmful to the patient and reduce the success of treatment.
How Is Tonsil and Adenoid Surgery Performed?
Tonsil and adenoid surgeries are performed under general anesthesia, without any external incisions, through the mouth. Adenoid tissue is removed by scraping it from the back of the nose (curettage). Tonsils, on the other hand, are removed using methods that control bleeding, without the need for a knife, thanks to modern technology. The surgery takes approximately 30 minutes, and patients are usually discharged the same day.
What Are the Risks of the Surgery?
Like any surgery, tonsil and adenoid surgery can have its own risks and complications. The surgery is performed under general anesthesia, but advancements in anesthesia techniques and medications have been reducing these risks. The most common complication is bleeding, which, while sometimes significant, is rare with careful and meticulous work and proper patient follow-up. There is a misconception that pharyngitis occurs after tonsil removal. However, there is no connection between removing tonsils and the development of pharyngitis.
What Should Be Considered After the Surgery?
The most important rules to follow after surgery are related to diet. Especially during the first three days when there is a higher risk of bleeding, cold and liquid foods should be consumed. Therefore, foods like cold milk, soup, fruit juice, pudding, and ice cream are ideal during this period. On the first day after the surgery, vomiting dark-colored blood is normal and is related to the swallowed blood during the procedure. However, if continuous bright red blood is observed, it is necessary to consult a doctor immediately. Starting from the fourth day, a gradual transition to normal food can begin. Patients should not refrain from eating due to pain as it may prolong their recovery. Adequate fluid intake is also essential. It is normal to have a slight fever after surgery, which usually returns to normal with adequate fluid intake and fever-reducing medications. Sometimes, patients may visit the doctor a few days after the surgery, complaining of throat infections. This is often due to the healing tissue in the tonsil area, which can mislead the patient.
For more detailed information and appointment procedures, you can contact us at 0 530 852 852 2 or email us at kbb@emreerkilet.com.tr.